Epidemiological data suggest that lifestyle (including diet) and the consequent shift in the gut microbiota play a role in cancer development and therapy responsiveness. These data remain, however, largely correlative. Functional validation and molecular dissection using appropriate model systems is required. In this study, an international collaborative team from different disciplines will investigate the complex interplay between microbiota and cancer in various aspects, with an aim toward discovering the specific microorganisms and the metabolites that causally promote cancer and/or therapy responsiveness. Studies will focus largely on GI malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer (PDAC). The Team will leverage in vivo gnotobiotic pipelines, in vitro organoid systems and metabolomic expertise. Integrating the state-of-the-art gnotobiotic, organoid, and metabolomic strengths will lead to the identification of underlying mechanisms of action by which the bacterial community interacts with host cells, including epithelial cells and immune cells, to cause tumor development or trigger tumor regression.